questions about the communist manifesto
Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The Communist Fluffy Manifesto. Capitalism will exploit even the people benefitting from it. 3. 15 questions answered. What were those “weapons”? How Long is the School Day in Homeschool Programs? The Question and Answer section for Communist Manifesto is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. The ―Manifesto of the Communist Party‖ was written by Marx and Engels as the program of the Communist League1 on the direction of its Second Congress (London, November 29-December 8, 1847), which marked a victory, line during the discussion of the programme questions, John_Brower. When Congress was still in preparation, Marx and Engels arrived at the conclusion that the final programme document should be in the form of a Party manifesto (see Engels’ letter to Marx of November 23-24, 1847). It was written and published during the heat of revolutionary uprisings in Europe in 1848, and continues to inspire revolutionary struggle across the globe today. answered Feb 25 at 23:47. Um what about the people that actually worked hard to get the land they own? 1. The Communist Manifesto is a political document written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. Communist Manifesto E-Text contains the full text of Communist Manifesto. What explains history according to the manifesto? OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. Is this weeks reading the Communist Manifesto? Question: Comparing Economic Systems: Capitalism, Communism, And Socialism Lowon Essential Questions How Do Capitalism, Communism, And Socialism Compare? What are the bourgeoisie and proletariat? In the Manifesto you will find a detailed and succinct explanation of the ideas that form the basis of communist and socialist ideologies. programme questions. Log In Sign Up. How is owner … Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guildmaster and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, that each time ended, either in the revolutionary reconstitution of … Anonymous. "Communist Manifesto Quizzes". What is the focus of the first section of. 301 certified writers online. The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels’s revolutionary summons to the working classes, is one of the most important and influential political theories ever formulated. Grades: 9 th - 12 th. The following questions can help your students delve deeper into the Communist Manifesto, the intent of its authors, and its place in history. What are the arguments against communism that are already circling in 1848? The manifesto presents the social condition of the class struggle which is prevalent both in the historical events and present societal condition. Start studying Communist Manifesto Questions. I love the idea of introducing Fluffies to communism. How Do Economic Systems Meet The Needs Of It's Citizens? Readers’ questions about The Communist Manifesto. Why does history have to lead to class revolution? Is this weeks reading the Communist Manifesto? What To Do If Your School Doesn't Accept Study.com Credit, Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Title: Communist Manifesto DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Author: RH3 Last modified by: RH3 Created Date: 1/13/2011 4:11:00 PM Company: Rock Hill SchoolS Other titles A summary of Part X (Section1) in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels's The Communist Manifesto. Posts 1,042. Bourgeois class and Bourgeois State 2. Try to capture the intent of this pamphlet in one sentence. nsfw. The pamphlet summarizes the theories and goals of Communism. GradeSaver, 17 July 2000 Web. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Communist Manifesto. We hope this guide, which […] User account menu. Questions for discussion: 1. How Does Government And Consumers Behave Operate In Each System! How do Marx and Engels define the "bourgeoisie" and the "proletariat?" I did read The Manifesto, but couldn't understand the following: 1) "The weapons with which the bourgeoisie felled feudalism to the ground are now turned against the bourgeoisie itself." Why is it important to understand the historical context around a document like. What signs and evidence do they use to suggest that Europe is ready for revolution. The Manifesto breaks down into a preface, a cool little beginning, and four sections.. 15 questions answered. The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have ... Third Plank of the 10 pillars of Communism mentioned in The Communist Manifesto; Share. The manifesto of the Communist party, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1847 and first published the next year, has a legendary pair of rhetorical bookends—“A spectre is haunting Europe” and “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.” Between that salutation and valediction, though, is a lot of less-well remembered theorizing. The “Manifesto” was published as the platform of the “Communist League,” a working-men’s association, first exclusively German, later on international, and, under the political conditions of the Continent before 1848, unavoidably a secret society. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Close. Write two o more paragraphs answering the following questions: In which ways have Marx and Engels expressed admiration for the bourgeoisie and capitalism? The Question and Answer sections of our study guides are a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss literature. The Communist Manifesto Discussion Questions; October 13, 2020. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. In the final chapters of the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels analyse other Socialist trends present in society. Why does a manifesto of the Communist party place such strong emphasis on the remarkable achievements of bourgeois capitalism? Peter Mortensen. Your Answer: Cite Evidence From The Reading Questions: 1. 18 terms. 2. Whose is making these arguments? Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. In which ways have Marx and Engels expressed antagonism and rejection toward the bourgeoisie and capitalism? 312. What is in the process of happening? Communist Manifesto Socialist Labor Party 5 www.slp.org French translation in “Le Socialiste,” Paris, 1886. Improving relationships (FINAL 2019) 28 terms. The Communist Manifesto Discussion Questions, Create an account to start this course today. Start studying Communist Manifesto Questions. Blended Learning | What is Blended Learning? What were the major issues that people were facing? View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Yugoslav communist. Answer Save. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Sociology 110: Cultural Studies & Diversity in the U.S. Overview of Blood & the Cardiovascular System, Electrolyte, Water & pH Balance in the Body, Sexual Reproduction & the Reproductive System, How Teachers Can Improve a Student's Hybrid Learning Experience. In the final chapters of the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels analyse other Socialist trends present in society. Communism questions? In the Communist Manifesto, Marx sees the world as defined by struggle between and among economic classes. Inside you'll find 30 Daily Lessons, 20 Fun Activities, 180 Multiple Choice Questions, 60 Short Essay Questions, 20 Essay Questions, Quizzes/Homework Assignments, Tests, and more. 3,950 1 1 gold badge 15 15 silver badges 43 43 bronze badges. How do Marx and Engels attempt to refute these arguments? 's' : ''}}. Marx's class theory in The Communist Manifesto laid out the foundation for Lenin to develop Leninism to address the needs of all the aspects of building a first socialistic country. Simply put, Marx is saying that capitalism contains the seeds of its own destruction. Who is the Communist Manifesto's target audience? Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of The Communist Manifesto and what it means. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Marx and Engels don’t say much about religion in the Manifesto but he does say two things. Further Reading: When the Manifesto was written: The June (1848) Revolution. Results 1 to 4 of 4. Study Questions; Further Reading; Writing Help. 12. View Communist Manifesto Questions.docx from HISTORY 458 at Lincoln University (MO). Given its potential, according to Marx and Engels, the communist movement requires a manifesto, and that is what the text in question intends to be. Many students have heard of 'The Communist Manifesto', but few have read or analyzed it. Written in 1848, it has survived as an important historical document. 219 1 1 silver badge 6 6 bronze badges. The Communist Manifesto not only proclaims the abolition of private banks, but: “Centralisation of credit in the hands of the State, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly.” In another unpublished editorial of 1872, Bakunin wrote: “this Jewish world is today, for the most part, at the disposal of Marx on the one hand, and of Rothschild on the other. Home Communist Manifesto Q & A Ask a question and get answers from your fellow students and educators. Write the names of those two classes. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto as “a complete theoretical and practical party program” for the initially German-based, and then international, Communist League. 4. Close. Location Yugoslavia. Some Questions. Lenin innovatively developed Marx’s class theory into the theory of State and Revolution and he descr This collection has a table of contents for readers to access each chapter of the two books. "The second part of the Communist Manifesto is far more radical than the first." READING QUESTIONS – KARL MARX – COMMUNIST MANIFESTO (Note: these reading questions are based on the excerpted selection of the Communist Manifesto in the Schumaker anthology. In doing so, Marx and Engels give us even more insight into the specific characteristics of their own ideas. In paragraph 3, Marx refers to two classes. Show Printable Version; Email this Page… 9th February 2011, 22:03 #1. punisa. The Communist Manifesto, which Marx was commissioned to write by the Communist... Communist Manifesto study guide contains a biography of Karl Marx, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. 1.Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes. What is the purpose of the second section of the. Letter to Editor: Congratulations and thanks for your great website on the Communist Manifesto! List the different names that Marx gives to each class in paragraph 4 and 5. What evidence do you think you would need in order to prove that this theory is either right or wrong? What has nationalism meant to Europe throughout the 19th century? Relevance. When was the Manifesto written? How did it change society as a whole? Like reading the stupidest parts of Karl Marx. The pamphlet summarizes the theories and goals of Communism. Now, is there a door number 3 anywhere? How do Marx and Engels define the "bourgeoisie" and the "proletariat?" What are its aims as a document? Favorite Answer. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. List the basic advocations of the Communist Manifesto. Basic Communist Manifesto questions; Thread: Basic Communist Manifesto questions. Four Questions about the Communist Manifesto. When was the Manifesto written? About the Communist manifesto. What is the Scoring Range for the New SAT? © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. ANSWER: The Communist Manifesto is a declaration of the intentions of a communist organization. He worked primarily in the realm of political philosophy, and he was a famous advocate for communism. After four years of collaboration, the authors produced this incisive declaration of their idea of Communism, in which they envisage a society without classes, private property or a state. The Communist Manifesto is a political document written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. The following is the text of an initial interview conducted by the National Democratic Online School with Jose Maria Sison, Emeritus Chairperson of the International League of Peoples’ Struggle, on one of Marx’s and Engels’ most popular work The Communist Manifesto.The interview was posted online and further discussed by Prof. Sison on 31 May … Write the names of those two classes on either side of the chart below. How did this change people's daily lives? Create your account, Already registered? Today, some of the trends criticised have disappeared and so have little relevance today. It was written and published during the heat of revolutionary uprisings in Europe in 1848, and continues to inspire revolutionary struggle across the globe today. It is continually recognized as one of the most influential political and social commentaries in the modern era and remains today a constant source of debate. What were some issues that people had during the Industrial Revolution? To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. End the end rich capitalist will... Who is Karl Marx? The questions are designed to aid understanding, while occasionally asking students to explain or interpret the information. The Communist Manifesto, 1848 – Text‐Based Questions 1. Socialist and Communist Literature, Chapter IV. Copyright © 1999 - 2021 GradeSaver LLC. In the text, Engels presents core ideas of Marxism such as historical materialism, class struggle, and proletarian revolution. What do you know about Europe in the mid-19th century? 1 Elizabeth Swanigan Course: HIS 458, Rise & Fall of Communism 02/01/2021 1 Marxism may dramatize the conditions What evidence do they provide? What are the main issues people seem to be debating at this time? This document is considered to me one of the most influential in the world history. MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY -----[From the English edition of 1888, edited by Friedrich Engels] A spectre is haunting Europe -- the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto was written by the communist Karl Marx in 1848. Thread Tools. Improve this answer. What were some of the solutions they were proposing? What important change was made in the Manifesto in 1872 and what event brought about this amendment? On February 21, 1848, The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels, is published in London by a group of German-born revolutionary socialists known as … Services, Russian Revolution & Communist Era Lesson Plans, Pacific Theater of World War II Lesson Plans, Cultural Revolution in China Lesson Plans & Resources, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, CLEP Western Civilization I: Study Guide & Test Prep, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Test Prep & Practice, High School World History: Homework Help Resource, High School World History: Tutoring Solution, Western Civilization I: Certificate Program, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, Praxis Social Studies - Content Knowledge (5081): Study Guide & Practice, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, Quiz & Worksheet - The Significance of the Battle of Hampton Roads, Quiz & Worksheet - Battle of Fredericksburg, Quiz & Worksheet - Fight for the Mississippi River in 1862, Quiz & Worksheet - The Significance of the Battle of Antietam, Quiz & Worksheet - General McClellan, the Army of Potomac & the Peninsula Campaign, Early Chinese Civilization: Homework Help, Hellenism and the Athenian Achievement: Homework Help, The Rise of the Roman Republic: Homework Help, Biology 202L: Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab, Biology 201L: Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Supervisors, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Employees. 312. Asked by pooja r … Not affiliated with Harvard College. From this latter a Spanish version was prepared and published in Madrid, 1886. How do communist defend themselves from these "rules" that the communist manifesto has set for them? How do Marx and Engels describe the situation in Europe in 1848? Read the Study Guide for Communist Manifesto…, Marx and Freud: Human Happiness and Human Nature, The Communist Manifesto and the Industrial Proletariat, Marx: Alienation, Unity, and Human Nature, Chapter III. The Communist Manifesto encouraged the working classes by stating that a classless society would come after a brief proletariat dictatorship and the government would provide all farm-workers with jobs. The beginnings of the second part of the industrial revolution and the foundations of … Communist Manifesto literature essays are academic essays for citation. One, he mentions how the communist society will abolish religion and morality as they exist in modern bourgeois society. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal About the Communist manifesto. 11th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, NMTA Elementary Education Subtest I (102): Practice & Study Guide, Quiz & Worksheet - Waiting-Line System & Queuing Theory, Quiz & Worksheet - Pathogens & Antibiotic Resistance, Quiz & Worksheet - Seasonal Growth Cycles of Various Plant Types, Quiz & Worksheet - Indeterminate Criminal Sentencing, Quiz & Worksheet - Scientific Experiment Design, What Is Neuropathy? These discussion questions can help your students engage with this influential pamphlet on a deeper scale. Marx and Engels's Communist Manifesto has become one of the world’s most influential political tracts since its original 1848 publication. At a Congress of the League, held in November, 1847, Marx and Engels what did marx and angels mean when they said that the bourgeoisie would become their own gravediggers in the communist manifesto in about 750 words. Principles of Communism (German: Grundsätze des Kommunismus) is a brief 1847 work written by Friedrich Engels, the co-founder of Marxism.It is structured as a catechism, containing 25 questions about communism for which answers are provided. The Communist Manifesto lesson plan contains a variety of teaching materials that cater to all learning styles. How does the Manifesto reply to people who complain that the elimination of private property violates property rights? Log in here for access, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties, View Wikipedia Entries for Communist Manifesto…. What else happened on the European continent during its year of publication? We … In your own words, write one sentence explaining the meaning of “Bourgeoisie.” How do Marx and Engels support their position here? 14. The Communist Manifesto remains a brilliant summary of many of the key ideas of Marxism and provides valuable insights into how socialists should organise within the workers’ movement today. How did Marx and Engel characterize the current age in time? What gives Communists an advantage over the proletariat in understanding the conditions, direction, and general results of the … Some Questions. Elizondo, Sonny. 3 Answers. Readers’ questions about The Communist Manifesto. I can’t write an essay for you but can provide a general comment. On February 21, 1848, The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels, is published in London by the Communist League. What is the Communist Manifesto? In the helpful little preface, Marx's co-author Friedrich Engels lists all the translations and publications of the Manifesto that have come out in the forty years since its first publication. AP World Name Shaan Singh _____Hr 1 st ___ The Communist Manifesto, 1848 Use the excerpts from the Communist Manifesto to answer the following questions 1. Questions about the Communist Manifesto? What does it mean for history to be defined by the concept of class struggle? How does the third section further define communism? Join Date Feb 2008. The Communist Manifesto remains a brilliant summary of many of the key ideas of Marxism and provides valuable insights into how socialists should organise within the workers’ movement today. The German reprints are not to be counted, there have been twelve altogether at the least. What was going on in Europe when the Communist Manifesto was first published? About The Communist Manifesto. Letter to Editor: Congratulations and thanks for your great website on the Communist Manifesto! All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Why does this movement have to be international? Why do the authors of this pamphlet believe that capitalism cannot be reformed? What is the role of the state, and what form would the state take in a Communist society? What problems do you see with this analysis of history? Karl Marx was a German philosopher during the 19th century. But the Manifesto is really an extended set of provocative answers to questions about Communism, which emerged in the 1840s as a new vision of history and the nature of humans as historical beings, determined in all aspects by the material conditions of society. The following questions can help your students delve deeper into the Communist Manifesto, the intent of its authors, and its place in history. The Communist Manifesto (1848) is a historical pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and published originally in London. The last year I assigned this I gave it out as an optional extra credit assignment due t. Subjects: Social Studies - History, European History, Economics . Four Questions about the Communist Manifesto. When was it published? Textpost - Abuse. 2. Conveniently enough, he says the book's spread matches the spread of the … {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, 1905 Russian Revolution: Causes & Consequences, The Russian Revolution Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Joseph Stalin & Soviet Propaganda: Techniques & Examples, World History Since 1900: Lesson Plans & Resources, Biological and Biomedical 2.Abolition of all right of inheritance . Tyler Mc Tyler Mc. Part 1: Bourgeois and Proletarians "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles ." - Definition, Symptoms & Treatment. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto as “a complete theoretical and practical party program” for the initially German-based, and then international, Communist League. Posted by 1 day ago. Communist Manifesto Questions and Answers. Question and answer The Communist Manifesto encouraged the working classes by stating that _____. Learn More. This abbreviated Communist Manifesto can be used as a warmup or an in-class activity and students can answer the following questions:1) Who is the intended audience?2) What do you think is the worst part of the bourgeoisie?3) What did Marx mean by the last sentence? When was it published? How does this build on the differences between socialism and communism? What were some of the major changes that had occurred over the last century? Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. What do they see as the most important factor driving human history as we know it? Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Posted by 4 months ago. We will write a custom Essay on Rhetorical Analysis of the Communist Manifesto specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page. What are the classes throughout history, according to Marx and Engels? Log In Sign Up. We can put it in the same rank with the Bible and Koran for its influence on the word society. What does this suggest about the validity of rights in general? Part of the Rethinking the Western Tradition series, this edition of the Manifesto features an extensive introduction by Jeffrey C. Isaac, and essays by Vladimir Tismaneanu, Steven Lukes, Saskia Sassen, and Stephen Eric … Abolition of private property ... Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto Study Questions. How do the authors use history in their analysis of communism? The Communist Manifesto Summary. How does capitalism fit into this? Communist Manifesto QUESTION: What is the Communist Manifesto? What does this tell us about revolutionary movements in the mid-19th century? I did read The Manifesto, but couldn't understand the following: 1) "The weapons with which the bourgeoisie felled feudalism to the ground are now turned against the bourgeoisie itself." Manifesto of the Communist Party. In which ways are Marx and Engels ideas relevant for … Start studying Discussion questions on The Communist Manifesto. A rousing call to arms whose influence is still felt today Originally published on the eve of the 1848 European revolutions, The Communist Manifesto is a condensed and incisive account of the worldview Marx and Engels developed during their hectic intellectual and political collaboration.Formulating the principles of dialectical materialism, … Consider their time and worldview; how would this understanding of history make sense in 1848? What are the classes struggling over? The Question and Answer section for Communist Manifesto is a great 14. In his 1888 preface to the English edition, Engels answers in advance a question that anyone picking up a book first written so long ago is bound to ask – ‘isn’t this going to be out of date?’ Suggested Essay Topics; How to Cite This SparkNote; Teacher's Handbook; Writing Help Suggested Essay Topics Writing Help Suggested Essay Topics. What explains history according to the manifesto? All rights reserved. What do you think about Marx and Engels' analysis of human history? 10 years ago. Do any of these change your understanding of communism? This is a four page document I created with questions about The Communist Manifesto. List the different names that Marx gives to each class in paragraph 4 and 5. Does any of it make sense? What was the Industrial Revolution? Teaching The Communist Manifesto. Or having them wear those stupid hammer … nsfw. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Why did people disagree on these points? The Communist Manifesto, originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party (German: Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei), is an 1848 political document by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.Commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London just as the Revolutions of 1848 began to erupt, the Manifesto was later recognised as one of … flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? Why do Marx and Engels assume there is a strong affinity between the grievances of the workers and the aims of Communism? Upon presenting this condition, Marx analytically studies the problems of capitalism. Rep Power 24. What else happened on the European continent during its year of publication? How did Marx and Engels rate the chances of communism in Germany, England, America and Russia? How are these conclusions both theoretical and practical? Textpost - Abuse. TRUE. The Communist Fluffy Manifesto. I’m asking this here because I’ve been banned from participating in communist subs because sometimes asking a simply question or calling China authoritarian warrants a ban. Correct answers: 2 question: Identify one possible audience for the communist manifesto (1848).Why do you think this is the audience. The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Transcribed by Allen Lutins with assistance from Jim Tarzia. Political reforms cannot eliminate class antagonisms because these antagonisms are due to the basic … In paragraph 3, Marx refers to two classes. While these discussion questions do contain several that focus on historical context, those can be amended depending on your students' grasp of history. How do they interact with each other? The usual options are 1) violent revolution and 2) the attempt, like that of the petty-bourgeois socialists discussed in Section 3 of the Manifesto, to reform but still maintain the capitalist system—which Marx predicts will only become more oppressive over time, regardless of reform efforts. Types of Hybrid Learning Models During Covid-19, Creating Routines & Schedules for Your Child's Pandemic Learning Experience, How to Make the Hybrid Learning Model Effective for Your Child, Distance Learning Considerations for English Language Learner (ELL) Students, Uncle Vanya by Chekhov: Summary & Characters, Claim of Right Doctrine, Tax Benefit Rule & Recovery of Capital Doctrine, Facilitating Resolution of Ethical Conflicts in Complex Care Situations, Quiz & Worksheet - Vanka by Chekhov Synopsis & Analysis, Quiz & Worksheet - Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde Animal Quotes, Flashcards - Real Estate Marketing Basics, Flashcards - Promotional Marketing in Real Estate. Manifesto issued by Marx in 1848, regarded as founding documents of Communism User account menu. Chapter 3-4: Socialist and Communist Literature & the Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Follow edited 2 days ago. Where do they think they are in the trajectory of history that they outlined? What conclusions do the authors draw in the final section of the pamphlet? What do you think of their counterarguments? He wanted the workforce (the proletariat) to revolt against the rich (the bourgeoisie)—violently if necessary—and to then establish a temporary government (the vanguard state) that would transition society to communism by abolishing class altogether. Basic Communist Manifesto questions I just started …